Biology Course Descriptions

BIOL 101 General Biology I 3 Credit Hours
Prerequisite or corequisite: BIOL 111
The introductory course in biology is designed for the non-major. Emphasis is placed on the methods of science, structural, molecular, and energetic basis of cellular activities, genetic variability and evolution, diversity and life processes in plants and animals and principles of ecology.
Lecture: three hours.

BIOL 102 General Biology I1 3 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 101 and BIOL 111; prerequisite or corequisite: BIOL 112
Continuation of General Biology I
Lecture: three hours.

BIOL 111 General Biology I Laboratory 1 Credit Hour
Prerequisite or Corequisite: BIOL 101
The laboratory is designed to parallel the lecture content of BIOL 101.
Laboratory: two hours.

BIOL 112 General Biology II Laboratory 1 Credit Hour
Prerequisite: BIOL 101 and BIOL 111
Corequisite or Prerequisite: BIOL 102
The laboratory is designed to parallel the lecture content of BIOL 102.
Laboratory: two hours.

BIOL 130 Introduction to Biology I 3 Credit Hours
Required of all biology majors and education majors whose teaching field is biology; recommended for premeds in other majors or others with the permission of the department head. This introductory course is designed for biology majors. Topics include the scientific method and data analysis, cell and molecular biology, genetics, evolution, diversity of life, plant and animal biology, and ecology.
Lecture: three hours; laboratory: three hours.

BIOL 131 Introduction to Biology II Laboratory 1 Credit Hour
Corequisite or Prerequisite: BIOL 130
The laboratory is designed to parallel the lecture content of BIOL 130
Laboratory: three hours.

BIOL 140 Introduction to Biology II 3 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 130, or a grade of "B" or better in BIOL 101 and BIOL 111
Required of all biology majors; recommended for premeds in other majors
A continuation of BIOL 130.
Lecture: three hours; laboratory: three hours.

BIOL 141 Introduction to Biology II Laboratory 1 Credit Hour
Prerequisite: BIOL 130 and BIOL 131
Corequisite or prerequisite: BIOL 140
The laboratory is designed to parallel the lecture content of BIOL 140
Laboratory: three hours

BIOL 203 Survey of the Plant Kingdom 4 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 205
Elective to all majors.
A general survey of the vascular and nonvascular plants. Lecture and laboratory experiences will include a study of the characteristics, life cycles, evolutionary trends, ecological importance, and economic value of each plant group. Both the biology student and the nonmajor will receive a deeper appreciation of plants in their natural and man-made habitats.
Lecture: three hours; laboratory: two hours.

BIOL 205 Cell Biology 3 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 140/141
Required of all biology majors.
An introduction to the morphological, biochemical and biophysical properties of protoplasm and their significance in the life processes.
Lecture: three hours.

BIOL 208 Evolution 3 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 140/141
A basic course in the concepts of evolution and population dynamics. The history of evolutionary thought, the processes of organic evolution, and systematics are conducted.
Lecture: three hours.

BIOL 209 Man and His Environment 3 Credit Hours
Not available for biology majors.
A study of the interdependence of man and his environment. Emphasis will be on man's place in nature, pollution, man-modified habitats, and environmental protection.
Lecture: three hours.

BIOL 301 Invertebrate Zoology 4 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 140/141
A general study of the invertebrate animals, including taxonomy, morphology, and ecology.
Lecture: two hours; laboratory: four hours.

BIOL 302 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy 4 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 140/141
Comparative anatomy of certain vertebrate forms.
Lecture: two hours; laboratory: four hours.

BIOL 303 Human Anatomy 3 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 101/111
Not available to biology majors.
Foundation material in mammalian anatomy which has been designed to give an understanding of basic human anatomy. Laboratory, BIOL 305, is optional.
Lecture: three hours.

BIOL 304 Human Physiology 3 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 101/111
Not available to biology majors.
An introduction to the basic physics and chemistry of life, including a study of the machinery of the regulatory mechanisms of the human body. Laboratory, BIOL 306, is optional.
Lecture: three hours.

BIOL 305 Human Anatomy Laboratory 1 Credit Hour
Prerequisite: BIOL 101/111
Corequisite or prerequisite: BIOL 303
Not available to biology majors.
Laboratory exercises to illustrate the relationship of structure of mammalian anatomy.
Laboratory: two hours.

BIOL 306 Human Physiology Laboratory 1 Credit Hour
Prerequisite: BIOL 101/111
Corequisite or prerequisite: BIOL 304
Not available to biology majors.
The experiments demonstrate various physiological processes of life.
Laboratory: two hours.

BIOL 307 Animal Behavior (Ethology) 3 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 140/141 or PSYC 201
This course deals with the description, development, and adaptive nature of behavior in free-living animals. The laboratory will emphasize the description and qualifications of behavior patterns.
Lecture: two hours; laboratory: two hours.

BIOL 308 Genetics 4 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 205 or permission of the instructor.
Required of all biology majors.
A study of inheritance, including Mendelian genetics, molecular genetics, changes in chromosome structure and number, cytogenetics, and population genetics.
Lecture: three hours; laboratory: three hours.

BIOL 310 Microbiology 4 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 205 or approval of department head.
A general study of microorganisms and their importance to humans with special emphasis on their fundamental life processes. Includes a brief introduction to epidemiology and immunology.
Lecture: three hours; laboratory: three hours.

BIOL 314 The Vascular Flora of South Carolina 4 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 140/141 or approval of instructor.
An introductory study of the native vascular flora of South Carolina, emphasizing the identification and collection of native plants. The student will have practice in use of taxonomic keys and in preparation of specimens for The Citadel Herbarium.
Lecture: two hours; laboratory: four hours.

BIOL 320 Intern Research 3 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: Permission of the department head and supervising instructor.
Students will have the opportunity to participate in ongoing research projects with faculty at The Citadel, The Medical University of South Carolina, National Marine Fisheries Services, and The South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, etc. Students must plan their schedule to allow two free afternoons per week, totaling eight hours per week in the laboratory, excluding travel. They are expected to maintain a weekly laboratory notebook and write a research paper detailing their work.
Eight hours per week.

BIOL 321 General Entomology 4 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 140/141
An introduction to the study of insects and closely related arthropods, including their ecology, physiology, morphology, taxonomy, adaptations, and immature stages. Laboratory studies will emphasize field collection methods and curatorial techniques.
Lecture: three hours; laboratory: three hours.

BIOL 322 History of Biology 3 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 140/141 or permission of the instructor.
Major aspects of the development of biological sciences and their relationship to other scientific disciplines. Special attention will be paid to the development and content of theories and to changes in the methods of biological research.
Lecture: three hours.

BIOL 401 Embryology 4 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 205
A description of the developmental process including an analysis of underlying molecular mechanisms. In laboratory, a study of the anatomy of selected vertebrate embryos with additional experimental work on live sea urchins, snails and frogs.
Lecture: two hours; laboratory: four hours.

BIOL 402 Descriptive Histology 4 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 140/141
A detailed study of the chief types of animal tissues and a description of the histology and organs. Laboratory work includes microscopic study of cells, tissues, and organs of animals.
Lecture: three hours; laboratory: three hours.

BIOL 403 Animal Physiology 4 Credit Hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 140/141 and CHEM 208 (Organic Chemistry)
A systematic study of the general physiology of animal organ systems.
Lecture: three hours; laboratory: three hours.
This course formerly was entitled Mammalian Physiology.

BIOL 405 General Parasitology 4 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 140/141
Taxonomy, morphology, adaptation, and ecology of parasites affecting human and domestic animals. Life history, vectors, and controls are emphasized.
Lecture: three hours; laboratory: two hours.

BIOL 406 Ecology 4 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 140/141
Required of all biology majors.
An introduction to the study of biological interrelationships and the effects of the environment on the structure and function of animal populations. Laboratory will emphasize methods and materials of ecological investigations.
Lecture: two hours; laboratory: four hours.

BIOL 408 Ornithology 4 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 140/141
A study of the structure, function, and ecology of birds. Field trips and bird specimens will give students a working knowledge of birds common to South Carolina.
Lecture: two hours; laboratory: four hours.

BIOL 409 Marine Biology 4 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 140/141
Elective to all juniors and seniors.
The lectures cover major ecological factors and the fundamentals of oceanography. Laboratory work stresses the familiarities with species, taxonomic methods, sampling procedures, experimental design, use of equipment, and data handling.
Lecture: two hours; laboratory: four hours.

BIOL 410 Vertebrate Natural History 4 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 140/141
An introduction to the classification, ecology, evolution and distribution of the vertebrates. Laboratory with emphasis on identification and field study techniques, especially with respect to the vertebrates of South Carolina.
Lecture: three hours; laboratory: two hours.

BIOL 412 Special Topics in Biology 3 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: permission of the instructor.
A course designed for the study of specialized topics in modern biology.
Lecture: three hours.

BIOL 419 Economic Botany 3 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 140/141 or approval of instructor.
An introductory course in economic botany devoted to the consideration of plants which are useful or harmful to humans; their origins and history, botanical relationships, chemical constituents which make them economically important, and their roles in prehistoric and modern cultures and civilizations.
Lecture: three hours.

BIOL 420 Senior Research Project 3 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: permission of department head and supervising instructor.
Independent study in undergraduate research for serious students planning graduate study.
Lecture: three hours.

BIOL 424 Molecular Genetics 4 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 308, CHEM 208; CHEM 409 Strongly Suggested; BIOL 310 suggested.
Coordinated lecture/laboratory class covering classical molecular and cellular biochemistry as well as modern molecular genetics. Study of the manner in which genetic information is carried in DNA and how DNA directs the synthesis of proteins in bacterial and eucaryotic cells and their associated viruses. Specific topics to be covered include mechanisms governing gene expression, metabolic control system, gene therapy, oncogenesis, molecular genetics of genetic diversity, molecular basis of human diseases, and a review of known disease-causing genes such as the cystic fibrosis gene, Huntington's chorea gene, and the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy gene.
Lecture: three hours; laboratory: three hours.

BIOL 426 Freshwater Biology 4 Credit Hours
Prerequisite: BIOL 140/141
The study of freshwater organisms and their environment. Instruction will cover the biological diversity, ecological and physiological adaptations, and the physical setting of freshwater systems. Local systems of interest include large coastal rivers and lakes, upper portions of estuaries and old rice fields.
Lecture: two hours; laboratory: four hours.

BIOL 427 Immunology 3 Credit Hours
Prerequisite or corequisite: BIOL 205 Cell Biology and BIOL 308 Genetics
A description of the immune system including the cells and organs involved in immunity; antigen-antibody reactions; immunoglobulin structure, function; organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes; the major histocompatibility complex; immune regulation and tolerance. These basic concepts will be applied to understanding the role of the immune system in vaccinations; infectious disease; organ transplantation; autoimmune disease; immunodeficiency diseases; AIDS and cancer.
Lecture: three hours.